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PREVALENCE OF HYPOSPADIAS, ABDOMINAL AND PENO-SCROTAL
ABNORMALITIES AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL BOYS IN A NIGERIAN
COMMUNITY
Researchers:
A.A. Okeke, C.C. Okonkwo and D.N. Osegbe
Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
Objectives:
To
determine the prevalence of hypospadias, patent processus
vaginalis, umbilical hernia, splenomegaly and
cryptorchidism in primary school boys of a Nigerian
community.
Patients and Methods
A
community-based observational study using the
cluster-sampling method was done. One thousand and
ninety-six primary school boys aged between 5 and 13 years
from five randomly selected schools in the administrative
district of the Ogbaru Local
Government Area (LGA) of Eastern Nigeria
participated in this study, while in only 1080 boys some
specific information on umbilical hernia was available.
Each participant underwent a general, abdominal, groin and
peno-scrotal physical examination.
Results
The
prevalence of hypospadias was 1.1% and this was equivalent
to the incidence. The prevalence of a patent processus
vaginalis was 1.0% with an estimated incidence of 1.3%.
Cryptorchidism was present in 0.8% and retractile testis
in 3.2%. The prevalence of umbilical hernia was 26% and
the splenomegaly rate was 7%.
Conclusion
The
incidence and prevalence of simple hypospadias was higher
than previously suggested by a tertiary hospital-based
report from
Western Nigeria. Umbilical hernia was very common but
apparently only few patients needed treatment. The
incidence of a patent processus vaginalis was similar to
that reported in other parts of the world, although
surgical correction was delayed. Splenomegaly was common,
not only due to endemic malaria, but also due to
sickle-cell disease, with implications for the management
of childhood trauma in this part of the world.
Source:
The African Journal of Urology
VOL. 9, NO. 2, 2003
African Journals Online
HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF TRADITIONAL FEMALE CIRCUMCISION IN PREGNANCY.
Authors:
Adetoro, OO and Ebomoyi, E
Subject:
Nigeria, ; Ethnic, Groups; Pregnancy,, Third, Trimester,
Complications; Morbidity, ; Fetal, Death,
Determinants; Female, Circumcision, Complications;
Medicine,, Traditional; Infection, , Western, Africa;
Africa, South, Of, The, Sahara; Africa, ; English,
Speaking, Africa; Developing, Countries; Cultural,
Background; Population, Characteristics; Demographic,
Factors; Population, ; Pregnancy, ; Reproduction, ;
Disease, ; Mortality, ; Population, Dynamics; Medicine, ;
Health, Services; Delivery, Of, Health, Care;
Health,
Case Studies:
A case of traditional female circumcision during
pregnancy, as practiced by her ethnic group, the Igbomina,
Ekiti of Kwara State, with loss of the fetus as a result
of infection, is presented. The woman was circumcised at
age 20 at approximately 34 weeks' gestation. She had bled
profusely during
the
procedure and was treated locally with herbs and snail
juice.
She had 5 days of pain and purulent bloody
discharge. On hospital admission the patient was febrile
and anemic, her vulva was hemorrhagic and edematous with
partially excised clitoris and labia minora. Fetal heart
sounds were present. She was given 2 units of blood,
anti, tetanus toxoid, and prophylactic antibiotics. 2
days later the infecting organisms and their antibiotic
sensitivity were identified, pseudomonas pyocyanea and
Staph. Aureus, sensitive to erythromycin and gentamycin.
Her fever abated, but she developed pre, eclampsia and she
went into labor spontaneously. At 3 cm dilation, labor
failed to progress despite artificial rupture of the
membranes. A fresh stillborn female preterm infant was
delivered by cesarean section.
It
was felt that the fetus died because of the infection. In
Nigeria, female circumcision may be done in infancy by the
Yorubas
in the Western States, at puberty
by the Igbos in Abakaliki, before marriage by the Isoko in
Bendel States and the Hausas in the North, and during the
1st pregnancy by the
Ogbaru in
Anambra State
and the
Igbomina, Ekiti in Kwara
State.
Source: Asia, Oceania Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology, 1986 Dec; 12(4):489, 92
Childbirth
sequelae of FGM performed in pregnancy
Nine
primary studies on obstetric sequelae of FGM in pregnancy
have been identified. FGM in pregnancy is known to be
practised in
Nigeria
and timing varies with region and ethnic group. The
Igbomiina - Ekiti of Kwara State, and some ethnic groups
of Delta State perform FGM Type II in the third trimester
of pregnancy while the Ogbaru
of Anambra state perform FGM in the first trimester of the
first pregnancy
(Adetoro and Ebomoyi 1986).
Issue of Water
Purity An Issue In Ogabru
Nigeria,
Anambra: Water Purity Check
The
Anambra State Ministry of Health has taken 1,124 water
producers to court out of concern about the indiscriminate
sale of suspected unsafe drinking water and the impact of
its consumption on people's health. Romanus Oriagu, State
Director of Primary Health Care and Disease Control in the
State Ministry of Health, said the government's goal is to
reduce maternal and infant mortality by 50% in the year
2005 and that water quality testing should help do that.
The
ministry had concentrated on Onitsha North and South and
Ogbaru local governments
where the business thrived most, stressing that the task
force would soon move to other areas. Oriagu said 24
doctors and 123 nurses were trained in 2001 to enhance the
monitoring effort. State health officers have been in the
field since Nov 2001 and they will continue until all the
water producers have been covered.
Source:
WaterTech Online,
22 January, 2002
Ogbaru
In the Scheme Of Anambra State’s Agricultural/Mineral
Productivity
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Basic Activities:
Anambra State has high potentials for agricultural
development, because of stretches of fertile land on the
plains in Ogbaru,
Ayamelum, Oyi, if Awka and Orumba LGAs. These areas
support n healthy crops of yam, maize, cassava, rice, and
vegetables. The Ifite Ogwari Dam on the Anambra River
provides water for 3,500hectare irrigated land at Ornor
for the cultivation of rice, maize, and d out of season
vegetables. This project, with a target of 5,000 hectare
of irrigated land, is a joint venture between the Federal
Government and a Japanese consortium.
The
Ornor rice farms, together with the Ogboji Ezira rice
lands of Orumba, and Odekpe
rice fields in Ogbaru,
earn for
Anambra State the third richest rice potentials area in
Nigeria.
Large
private farms, such as the Ekene Dili Chukwu Farms, Arnak
Farms, and Pokobros are located in the rich hydromorphic
soil regions of Anambra and Ayamelum LGAs.
Forest
reserves in the Mamu river basin, Akpaka and Ajali Umeje
reserves, provide valuable forest products, protect the
watersheds and maintain ecological balance, thereby
helping to prevent sheet and gully erosion. Services and
programmes geared towards increased agricultural
production and forestry, including the organization of
farm groups and the
A
People United, A Future Assured Volume 2 provision of
agricultural land credit, food processing and storage
facilities have been achieved through the activities of
the World Bank supported State Agricultural Development
Project (ADP) and the Imo River Basin Development
Authority.
Mineral Resources:
Anambra State is not rich in mineral resources; and some,
known to exist, are not yet exploited. For example,
tungsten at Oba, and large deposits of lignite in Onitsha,
Idemili, and Nnewi LGAs are yet to be exploited. Kaolin is
mined in the Ukpor Ihembosi axis for the ceramic industry
at Umuahia in
Abia
State;
while the deposits at Aguleri and Enugu Agidi await
exploitation. Sandstones of Ameke Formation are quarried
in several places, particularly at Abagana and Nsugbe for
construction purposes. Natural gas has been discovered at
Ebenebe Ridge, southeast of Ebenebe town, and preliminary
prospecting indicated that crude oil exists in commercial
quantities in the state.
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